每次去cafe買一杯啡、或去旅行買特色咖啡豆，你有沒有想過背後牽涉的生產線是如何運作的呢？
咖啡供應鏈是從咖啡豆的種植、收穫、加工、買賣，到最終的消費過程中的一系列活動和參與者。這個供應鏈包括咖啡農夫、貿易商、烘焙商、零售商和消費者等，環環相扣。
🌏 咖啡種植和採收
咖啡供應鏈的起點是咖啡豆的種植和收穫。咖啡樹需要特定的氣候和土壤條件才能生長，主要集中在熱帶和亞熱帶地區。農民種植咖啡樹，耐心等待咖啡櫻桃成熟，然後進行採收，這個過程需要耐心和專業知識，以確保咖啡豆的品質。
🌏 咖啡生豆加工處理
在咖啡採收後，咖啡豆需要進行加工處理。有兩種常見的加工方法：日曬法和水洗法處理。日曬法加工是將咖啡豆在陽光下曬乾，然後去除外層果肉和果皮。水洗法加工則是將咖啡豆浸泡在水中，去除果肉和果皮，然後進行發酵和洗淨。加工處理過程對最終的咖啡風味和品質有重要影響。
🌏 咖啡貿易和分銷
加工處理完成的咖啡生豆，通常由咖啡貿易商購買，他們將咖啡豆從農民那裡收購，然後進行分銷和銷售。這些貿易商在全球範圍內運作，將咖啡豆出口到其他國家或供應給國內的烘焙商。他們負責處理物流、品質控制和價格協商等事務。
🌏 咖啡豆烘焙和包裝
咖啡豆在到達烘焙廠後，將進行烘焙和製作過程。烘焙過程中，咖啡豆的風味和香氣發生變化，從生豆的原生綠色轉變為焦糖色或深啡色。烘焙商根據不同的烘焙程度和風味設計，將咖啡豆烘焙成不同的口感和風味特點。
🌏 咖啡零售和消費
經過烘焙的咖啡豆，最終到達零售商的手中，再由咖啡師沖調到客人手上，咖啡生產商和咖啡豆採購商通常會使用嚴格的杯測技術控制品質程，以確保咖啡豆的新鮮度和品質在運送過程中得到保護。
Every time you buy a cup of coffee at a café or pick up specialty coffee beans while traveling, have you ever wondered how the production line behind them operates?
The coffee supply chain consists of a series of activities and participants involved in the process from growing, harvesting, processing, and trading coffee beans to their final consumption. This supply chain includes coffee farmers, traders, roasters, retailers, and consumers, with each link interconnected.
🌏 Coffee Growing and Harvesting
The starting point of the coffee supply chain is the cultivation and harvesting of coffee beans. Coffee trees require specific climatic and soil conditions to grow, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. Farmers plant coffee trees, patiently wait for the coffee cherries to ripen, and then harvest them—a process that demands patience and expertise to ensure the quality of the beans.
🌏 Green Coffee Bean Processing
After harvesting, the coffee beans need to be processed. There are two common processing methods: natural (sun-dried) and washed processing. Natural processing involves drying the coffee cherries in the sun before removing the outer pulp and skin. Washed processing entails soaking the cherries in water to remove the pulp and skin, followed by fermentation and washing. The processing stage significantly impacts the final flavor and quality of the coffee.
🌏 Coffee Trading and Distribution
Once processed, green coffee beans are typically purchased by coffee traders, who buy them from farmers for distribution and sale. These traders operate globally, exporting beans to other countries or supplying them to domestic roasters. They handle logistics, quality control, price negotiations, and other matters.
🌏 Coffee Roasting and Packaging
Upon reaching roasteries, the beans undergo roasting. During roasting, the beans’ flavor and aroma transform, changing from their raw green color to caramel or dark brown. Roasters create different taste and flavor profiles by adjusting the roast level and flavor designs.
🌏 Coffee Retail and Consumption
Roasted coffee beans eventually reach retailers, where baristas brew them for customers. Coffee producers and bean buyers often use rigorous cupping techniques to control quality, ensuring the beans’ freshness and quality are preserved during transportation.
#咖啡貿易 #咖啡豆 #杯子知識
